Which vitamin is essential in preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?

Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays a crucial role in the proper development of the neural tube during the early stages of pregnancy. Adequate folic acid intake is essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, all of which are vital processes during cell division and growth. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, can occur if there is insufficient folic acid during the first few weeks of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming.

This is why pregnant individuals are often advised to take folic acid supplements in addition to consuming foods rich in this vitamin, such as leafy greens, beans, and fortified cereals. By doing so, they increase the likelihood of healthy neural tube closure and reduce the risk of these serious congenital anomalies.